Semantic Clarity and Legal Accuracy: Evaluating Language Use in Barangay Ordinances and Resolutions

Abstract

This study assessed the semantic clarity and legal accuracy of the ordinances and resolutions in the barangays of Baung, Gumarueng and Poblacion 1 in the Municipality of Piat, Cagayan based on Republic Act 7160 or the Local Government code of 1991. It utilized the descriptive-evaluative method of research employing mixed-method of data collection combining the quantitative aspects on the profile of the 27 barangay officials, including educational attainment, years in service, trainings attended, language use and English proficiency with and the qualitative content analysis of the latest ordinances and resolutions. The data on the respondents’ profile were analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution and the documents were assessed through Legal Accuracy Matrix and Semantic Clarity matrix, substantiated by the reviews of legal and language experts. Results of the study revealed that majority of the officials only had high school education, with limited exposure to higher levels of trainings predominantly basic English proficiency. The primary drafting language is Filipino and the language of deliberation was the local dialects and mixed code-switching. The results also revealed that although resolutions generally complied with legal and procedural requirements, the deficiencies that recurred in ordinances remained such as unclear or overly broad provisions, penalties that are excessive and overreaching jurisdiction. Weak documentation of dissemination and publication recurred, which undermines the enforceability of the ordinances. It was concluded that although the barangay legislation was procedurally compliant, it is being prevented by linguistic and educational constraints that reduce clarity, public accessibility and precision. It is recommended that trainings along institutionalization of legislative drafting skills, plain language communication and functional English be conducted and complemented by digital literacy, community publication training and social media posting to increase citizen participation, transparency and enforceability of the barangay laws. Through the link between the profile of the local officials and their strengths and weaknesses in their legislative outputs, this study contributes to the enhancement of the quality, inclusivity and credibility of barangay legislation.